参考文献/References:
［1］ MIDGLEY J E M,TOFT A D,LARISCH R,et al.Time for a reassessment of the treatment of hypothyroidism［J］.BMC Endocr Disord,2019,19(1):37-45.
［2］ HOU Y,LIU A,LI J,et al.Different thyroidal responses to human chorionic gonadotropin under different thyroid peroxidase antibody and/or thyroglobulin antibody positivity conditions during the first half of pregnancy［J］.Thyroid,2019,29(4):577-585.
［3］ STERRETT M.Maternal and fetal thyroid physiology［J］.Clin Ob-stet Gynecol,2019,62(2):302-307.
［4］ EERDEKENS A,VERHAEGHE J,DARRAS V,et al.The placenta in fetal thyroid hormone delivery:from normal physiology to adaptive mechanisms in complicated pregnancies［J］.J Matern-Fetal Neo M，2019,19:1-10.
［5］ MA Z F.Iodine nutrition and thyroid function in pregnant women exposed to different iodine sources［J］Biol Trace Elem Res,2019,16:19-20.
［6］ SAWKA A M,CAPPOLA A,PEETERS R,et al.Patient context and TSH levels are important when considering treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism［J］.Thyroid,2019,6:494-504.
［7］ ALCAZAR L V,LOPEZ D V T,GARCIA L C,et al.Slightly elevated thyrotropin levels in pregnancy in our clinical practice［J］.Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr,2019,7(28):530-544.
［8］ SPRINGER D,JISKRA J,LIMANOVA Z,et al.Thyroid in pregnancy: from physiology to screening［J］.Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci,2017,54(2):102-116.
［9］ STAGNARO G,ABALOVICH M,ALEXANDER E,et al.Guideline of ATA for the diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy and postpartum［J］.Thyroid,2011,21:1081-1125.
［10］ AMOUZEGAR A,AINY E,KHAZAN M.Local versus international recommended TSH references in the assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy［J］.Horm Metab Res,2014,46(3):206-216.
［11］ HADDOW J E,CRAIG W Y,NEVEUX L M,et al.Free thyroxine during early pregnancy and risk for gestational diabetes［J］.PLoS One,2016,11(2):149-165.
［12］ LI C Y,SHAN Z Y,MAO J Y,et al.Assessment of thyroid fu-nction during first-trimester pregnancy:what is the rational upper limit of serum TSH during the first trimester in Chinese pregnant women［J］.Clin Endocrinol Metab,2014,99（1）:73-79．
［13］ 中华医学会内分泌学分会,中华医学会围产医学分会.妊娠和产后甲状腺疾病诊治指南［J］.中华内分泌代谢杂志,2012,28(2):354-371.
［14］ ERIK K,ELIZABETH N,GREGORY A,et al.2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum［J］.Thyroid,2017,27（3）:315-389.
［15］ 中华医学会内分泌学分会,中华医学会围产医学分会.妊娠和产后甲状腺疾病诊治指南(第2版）［J］.中华内分泌代谢杂志,2019,35(8):636-664.
［16］ NEGRO R.Levothyroxine before conception in women with thyroid antibodies: a step forward in the management of thyroid disease in pregnancy［J］.Thyroid Res,2019,12(5):44-49.
［17］ XU C,ZHANG Z.Comparative study of thyroid hormone and antithyroid antibody levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnant patients with diabetes［J］.Minerva Endocrinol,2018,43(2):126-130.
［18］ SIRIWARDHANE T,KRISHNA K,RANGANATHAN V,et al.Exploring systemic autoimmunity in thyroid disease subjects［J］.J Immunol Res,2018,12(17):6895146.
［19］ SUN J,TENG D,LI C,et al.Association between iodine intake and thyroid autoantibodies:a cross-sectional study of 7073 early pregnant women in an iodine-adequate region［J］.J Endocrinol Invest,2019,7(1):618-625.
［20］ THANGARATINAM S,TAN A,KNOX E,et al.Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth:meta-analysis of evidence［J］.BMJ,2011,342:d2616.
［21］ NAZARPOUR S,RAMEZANI T F,SIMBAR M,et al.Effects of levothyroxine treatment on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease［J］.Eur J Endocrinol,2017,176（2）:253-265.
［22］ NAZARPOUR S,RAMEZANI T F,AMIRI M,et al.Levothyroxine treatment and pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］.Arch Gynecol Obstet,2019,10:404-423.
［23］ JIA M,WU Y,LIN B.Meta-analysis of the association between maternal subclinical hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus［J］.Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2019,144(3):239-247.
［24］ NEGRO R,ATTANASIO R,PAPINI E,et al.A 2018 Italian and Romanian survey on subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy［J］.Eur Thyroid J,2018,7(6):294-301.
［25］ CHEN L M,DU W J,DAI J,et al.Effects of subclinical hypo-thyroidism on maternal and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy: a single-center cohort study of a Chinese population［J］.PLoS One,2014,9(10):e109364.
［26］ LI J,SHEN J,QIN L.Effects of levothyroxine on pregnancy outc-omes in women with thyroid dysfunction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials［J］.Altern Ther Health Med,2017,23(2):49-58.
［27］ NAZARPOUR S,RAMEZANI T,AMIRI M,et al.Levothyroxine treatment and pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］.Arch Gynecol Obstet,2019,10:404-414.
［28］ RAO M,ZENG Z Y,ZHAO S H,et al.Effect of levothyroxine supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in women with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmuneity undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials［J］.Reprod Biol Endocrinol,2018,16（1）:92-99.
［29］ CASEY B M,THOM E A,PEACEMAN A M,et al.Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy［J］.N Engl J Med,2017,376（9）:815-825.
［30］ FURUKAWA S,MIYAKAWA K,SHIBATA J,et al.Women with subclinical hypothyroidism at low risk of poor pregnancy outcome in Japan［J］.Tohoku J Exp Med,2017,242 (3):167-172.
［31］ HADDOW J E,PALOMAKI G E,ALLAN W C,et al.Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child［J］.N Engl J Med，1999,341(8):549-555.
［32］ LIU Y,CHEN H,JING C,LI F,et al.The association between mat-ernal subclinical hypothyroidism and growth,development,and childhood intelligence:a meta-analysis［J］.J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol,2018,10(2):153-161.
［33］ HALES C,TAYLOR P N,CHANNON S,et al.Controlled ante-natal thyroid screening II: effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child cognition［J］.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2018,103:1583-1591.
［34］ LAZARUS J H,BESTWICK J P,CHANNON S,et al.Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function［J］.N Engl J Med,2012,366（6）:493-501.
［35］ HALES C,TAYLOR P N,CHANNON S,et al.Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II:effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child cognition［J］.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2018,103（4）:1583-1591.
［36］ HAMBLIN P S,SHEEHAN P M,ALLAN C,et al.Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy: the melbourne public hospitals consensus［J］.Intern Med J,2018,12(18):142-152.
［37］ ROTONDI M，CHIOVATO L，PACINI F,et al.Management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a comment from the Italian Society of Endocrinology and the Italian Thyroid Association to the 2017 American Thyroid Association guidelines-“The Italian Way”［J］.Thyroid,2018,28(5):551-555.
［38］ MARAKA S,MWANGI R,YAO X,et al.Variation in treatment pr-actices for subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: US national assessment［J］.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2019,4(24):57.
［39］ NEGRO R,SCHWARTZ A,GISMONDI R,et al.Increased pr-egnancy loss rate in thyroid antibody negative women with TSH levels between 2.5 and 5.0 in the first trimester of pregnancy［J］.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2010,95（5）:44-48.
［40］ RAO M,ZENG Z,ZHOU F,et al.Effect of levothyroxine supplementation on pregnancy loss and preterm birth in women with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］.Hum Reprod Update,2019,25(3):344-361.
［41］ AKHTAR M A,AGRAWAL R,BROWN J,et al.Thyroxine replacement for subfertile women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disease or subclinical hypothyroidism［J］.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2019,6:110-119.
［42］ MA L,QI H,CHAI X,et al.The effects of screening and intervention of subclinical hypothyroidism on pregnancy outcomes: a prospective multicenter single-blind,randomized,controlled study of thyroid function screening test during pregnancy［J］.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med,2016,29:1391-1394.
［43］ 李恩芳.妊娠早期亚临床型甲状腺功能减退症对妊娠结局的影响及药物治疗效果［J］.新乡医学院学报,2018,35(5):404-406.